ABSTRACT
Background: According to previous studies, probiotic and prebiotic supplementation have desirable effects on glycemic parameters. Thus far, the effect of supplementation on the glycemic parameters and adipokines in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] has not been assessed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation with probiotic and prebiotic on adiokines and glycemic parameters in the patients with NAFLD
Methods: In the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 89 patients with NAFLD were randomly divided into three groups to receive one probiotic capsule + 16 g/d maltodextrin [probiotic group] or 16 g/d oligofructose powder + one placebo capsule [prebiotic group], and one placebo capsule + 16 g/d maltodextrin [control group] for 12 weeks. All the subjects in the study were advised to follow the weight loss diet and physical activity recommendations during the intervention. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after the intervention to measure leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and fasting blood sugar
Results: At the end of the study, serum concentrations of leptin, insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in the probiotic and prebiotic groups compared with the control group. Despite the changes within the groups, serum concentrations of adiponectin did not change significantly between the three groups. Also, fasting blood sugar did not change between the groups, but decreased in the prebiotic group. Quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index [QUICKI] increased significantly in probiotic and prebiotic groups compared with the control group
Conclusion: Probiotic and prebiotic supplementation along with lifestyle intervention has a favorable impact on glycemic parameters and leptin levels compared with lifestyle intervention alone
ABSTRACT
Considering the increased production of free radicals and inflammatory factors in rheumatoid arthritis [RA] and the effects of bioflavonoid quercetin on reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and blood pressure, the present study examined the effects of bioflavonoid quercetin on total antioxidant capacity [TAC] of plasma, lipid peroxidation and blood pressure in women with RA. The current study was a randomized double-blind clinical trial in which 51 women with RA aged 19-70 years, were participated. Patients were assigned into quercetin [500 mg/day] or placebo groups for 8 weeks. Dietary intake was recorded using 24-h dietary recall questionnaire and the physical activity was assessed through an international short questionnaire of physical activity at the beginning and end of the study. Plasma TAC and malondialdehyde [MDA] using colorimetric method, oxidized low density lipoprotein [ox-LDL] and high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP] using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and also blood pressure were measured at the beginning and end of intervention. After 8 weeks there were no significant differences in TAC of plasma, ox-LDL, MDA, hs-CRP, systolic and diastolic blood pressure between quercetin and placebo groups and in each group comparing before and after. In this study, quercetin had no effect on oxidative and inflammatory status of plasma and blood pressure in patients with RA. Further studies are needed to ensure the effect of quercetin on oxidative stress and inflammation in human
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , C-Reactive Protein , Blood Pressure , Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Antioxidants , Lipid Peroxidation , Double-Blind MethodABSTRACT
This study was conducted to identify the dietary patterns among workers of Oil Terminals Company and to assess their association with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. The sample size [392] was estimated by considering minimum correlation [r=0.2] between variables. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of workers selected by a stratified random-sampling method [all offices of the company]. The head of company provided a list of workers, and the proportion of each center was specified via ni=ki/N × n [ni=number of participants from each center, ki=number of each center workers, N=number company workers, n= sample size [392]].Dietary pattern was identified by valid food frequency questionnaire containing 168 food items with specific serving size consumed by Iranians. Major dietary patterns analyzed by factor analysis. General characteristics across tertiles were compared by ANOVA and chi-square tests were used where appropriate. In addition, we used multivariate logestic regression tests to assess the relationship between demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle variables and the adherence to the dietary patterns. Two major dietary patterns were extracted: "Healthy pattern" characterized by high consumption of fruits, fish, yellow vegetables, potato, garlic, whole cereals, yogurt drink, and salt. The second one named "unhealthy pattern" characterized by high consumption of soft drinks, sugar, mayonnaise, sweets, eggs, butter, and processed meat, high- fat dairy products, organ meat, French fries, refined cereals, snacks and artificial juice. Work hours were positively correlated [b=0.14; p<0.01] and being single [b=-0.4, p<0.05] and full time work in comparison with part-time work [b=-0.5, p<0.01] was negatively correlated with healthy dietary pattern, whereas age [b=-0.3, p<0.05], dieting [b=-0.4, p<0.01] and history of hyperlipidemia had negative correlation [b=-0.41, p<0.01] with unhealthy dietary pattern. Our findings show the association between socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and dietary patterns of the workers
ABSTRACT
N 3 Fatty acids reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that they may reduce inflammation, oxidative stress, and fat mass in patients with type 2 diabetes, but the results are inconclusive, due, in part, to type of omega 3 fatty acids used. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of pure eicosapentaenoic [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acids [DHA], the two major omega 3 fatty acids, on inflammation, oxidative stress, and fat mass in patients with type 2 diabetes. Sixty patients with DM II were randomly allocated to receive daily either tilde1 gr EPA or tilde1 gr DHA, or a canola oil as placebo for 12 weeks in a randomized triple blind, placebo controlled trial. Serum MDA, CRP, body weight, BMI, and fat mass were measured at baseline and after intervention. Forty five patients with a mean [ +/- SD] age of 54.9 +/- 8.2 years with BMI of 27.6 +/- 4.1 kg/m[2] and fasting blood glucose 96.0 +/- 16.2 mg/dl completed the intervention. Neither EPA nor DHA had significant effects on serum FBS, C reactive protein, body weight, BMI, and fat mass after intervention [P > 0.05]. In addition, while MDA increased 18% in the placebo group [P = 0.009], it did not change in the EPA or DHA group [P > 0.05]. Twelve weeks of supplementation with 1gr/d EPA or DHA prevent increasing oxidative stress without changing marker of inflammation. This study is the first report demonstrating that neither EPA nor DHA have effects on body fat mass in type 2 diabetic patients
ABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes melitus [DM] is highly prevalent worldwide. Evidence supports a role for royal jelly in reduction of serum glucose and lipids. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of royal jelly intake on serum glucose, HbA1c, and Total Antioxidant Capacity [TAC] in type 2 diabetic patients. Fifty patients with type 2 DM participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-weeks study. The patients with type 2 DM were divided randomly into placebo and royal jelly groups of 25 each. Both groups received the treatment for 8 weeks. In royal jelly group participants received three 1000 mg royal jelly capsules daily and placebo group received three 1000 mg placebo capsules daily. Blood samples were taken after 12 hours of fasting at the beginning and the end of the study. Serum glucose, HbA1c, and TAC were evaluated. Forty six participants completed the study. Royal jelly intake reduced FBS levels [p=0.006] and increased TAC [p=0.016] significantly after 8 weeks compared with placebo. Royal jelly did not affect serum HbA1c levels. This study shows that royal jelly has some benefits in type 2 diabetic patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Fatty Acids , Bees , Blood Glucose , Glycated Hemoglobin , Antioxidants , Double-Blind MethodABSTRACT
To determine the plasma total antioxidant capacity [TAC] and its related factors in pregnant Iranian women attending maternity clinics. In a cross-sectional study carried out in Naghavi Maternity Clinic, Shaheed Beheshti Specialty and Subspecialty Polyclinic and 10 antenatal centers, affiliated to Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran, we determined the plasma TAC and its related factors including maternal age, weight, and body mass index [BMI] at the beginning, thirteenth, and twenty-first to twenty-fourth weeks of pregnancy, and gestational age at the twenty-first to twenty-fourth weeks of pregnancy in 137 primigravid pregnant women, 18-30 years old from October 2010 to March 2011. We used multiple linear regression to assess the relationship between TAC and its related factors. Plasma TAC in the twenty-first to twenty-fourth weeks of pregnancy was 0.75 +/- 0.11 mmol/l. The BMI at the beginning was 25.06 +/- 4, 25.72 +/- 4.13 at the thirteenth, and 26.95 +/- 4.19 kg/m[2] at the twenty-first to twenty-fourth weeks of pregnancy. Multiple regression analysis showed that gestational age was inversely associated with the plasma TAC [beta: -0.234, p=0.007]. Regression analysis also suggested a trend toward significant association between maternal age and plasma TAC [beta: 0.150, p=0.080], but there was no association between other variables and plasma TAC. Gestational age was inversely correlated with plasma TAC and maternal age had a trend toward significant association with TAC in 18-30 year-old Iranian pregnant women in their sixth month of pregnancy